1623 - Blaise Pascal born
1812 - The US declares war on Britain
1870 – All southern states are readmitted to the United States.
1896 - Wallis Simpson born
1897 - Moe Howard born
1902 - Guy Lombardo born
1903 - Lou Gehrig born
1915 - Pat Buttram born
1919 - Pauline Kael and Louis Jourdan born
1930 - Gena Rowlands born
1937 – J. M. Barrie, author of Peter Pan, diea aged 77.
1947 - Salman Rushdie born
1948 - Phylicia Rashad born
1954 - Kathleen Turner born
1961 – Oil-rich Kuwait declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
1962 - Paula Abdul born
1970 - Edward Heath becomes the new British prime minister after a surprise victory for the Conservatives in the general election. Also Brian "Head" Welch born
1975 - An inquest jury decides Lord Lucan murdered the 29-year-old nanny of his three young children.
1978 - Cricketing star Ian Botham becomes the first man in the history of the game to score a century and take eight wickets in one innings of a Test match. Also Zoë Saldana born
1980 - Three gunmen who attacked the British embassy in Baghdad are shot dead by Iraqi security forces.
1982 - Roberto Calvi 'God's Banker', a senior Italian banker, is found dead under Blackfriars Bridge in London more than a week after he went missing from Milan.
1997 - Fast food chain McDonald's wins a partial victory in its epic libel trial against two environmental campaigners.
2011 - Rory McIlroy wins his first golf major the U.S. Open aged 22.
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